Assessment of the Condition of Periodontal Tissues in Patients with Somatic Pathology

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of concomitant somatic pathology on periodontal tissues. Materials and methods. 104 patients, aged 28–46 years, with diseases of periodontal tissues, who had somatic pathology, were involved in the study. The examined persons were divided into groups: 35 persons (group 1) with pathology of the hepatobiliary system, 37 persons (group 2) with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, and 32 persons (group 3) with pathology of the cardiovascular system. The comparison group included 30 people with periodontal tissue diseases without somatic pathology. To determine the depth and prevalence of the inflammatory process of the gums the Svrakov’s number indicator was used. Oral hygiene was assessed according to the Silness-Loe and Stallard indices. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index (C. Parma, 1960) was determined to assess the severity of gum inflammation. Bleeding gums were assessed by the gum's papilla bleeding index according to Muhllemann. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out with a computer program for variational and statistical analysis of medical and biological research data “GraphPad Prism 5”. Results and discussion. Patients with diseases of periodontal tissues against the background of somatic pathology had the highest percentage of chronic generalized periodontitis of the II degree, in contrast patients of the comparison group had the highest percentage of chronic generalized periodontitis of the initial – I degree. Svrakov's number in patients with periodontal disease against the background of somatic pathology significantly (р ˂0.05) exceeded the indicators of patients of the comparison group. At the same time, there is no significant difference between the results of groups 1, 2 and 3. The highest values of the indexes of Silness-Loe and Stallard were recorded in patients with the cardiovascular system pathology, which significantly (p<0.05) exceeded the data in the comparison group, but did not significantly differ from the results of patients with pathology of hepatobiliary system and gastrointestinal tract. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index data were the highest in patients with hepatobiliary system pathology (64.25 ± 8.19%), which significantly (p<0.05) exceeded the results of the comparison group and in individuals of groups 2 and 3. The highest indicator of the bleeding index is 1.98 ± 0.22 points in patients of the 1st group, which significantly exceeds the indicators in the group of people without somatic pathology and in the group of patients with pathology of gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Conclusion. The conducted studies show that the presence of somatic pathology contributes to the development of periodontal tissue diseases, and certainly aggravates their course, which is proven by the results of the index assessment