Faktor Risiko Infeksi Hepatitis C pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronis

Abstract

Abstract:: Hepatitis C, a type of hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus, has spread worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys lose their function as an organ gradually lasting more than three months. Moreover, the CKD population are susceptible to infection due to their immunity disorder and treatment at health care centers.  This study aimed to determine the risk factors for hepatitis C infection in CKD patients. This was a literature review study. Article searches were carried out in three databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The results obtained 10 full-text journals to be reviewed. Hemodialysis was the risk factor that contributed the most to the transmission of HCV to CKD patients. While, kidney transplantation accounted for a portion of HCV infection, but these risk factors could still be prevented and controlled. Blood transfusion was a risk factor for the spread of Hepatitis C virus in CKD which was the rarest since blood screening was carried out. In conclusion, there are three risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in chronic kidney disease patients based on the possibility of infection sequentially including hemodialysis, kidney transplantation, and blood transfusion. Keywords: hepatitis C; chronic kidney disease; hemodialysis; infection; risk factor   Abstrak: Hepatitis C disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis C (VHC) dan telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) adalah kondisi dimana ginjal kehilangan fungsinya sebagai organ secara bertahap yang berlangsung lebih dari tiga bulan. Populasi dengan PGK menjadi kelompok rentan terkena infeksi akibat gangguan imunitas dan perawatan di pusat pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko infeksi hepatitis C pada pasien PGK. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada tiga database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 jurnal full-text yang dilakukan review. Hemodialisis merupakan faktor risiko yang paling banyak berkontribusi terhadap transmisi VHC pada PGK. Transplantasi ginjal menyumbang sebagian dari infeksi VHC, namun faktor risiko ini masih dapat dicegah dan dikendalikan. Transfusi darah merupakan faktor risiko penyebaran virus Hepatitis C pada PGK yang paling jarang terjadi sejak dilakukannya skrining darah. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat tiga faktor resiko infeksi virus hepatitis C pada penyakit ginjal kronik berdasarkan kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi secara berurut yaitu hemodialisis, transplantasi ginjal, dan transfusi darah. Kata kunci: hepatitis C; penyakit ginjal kronis; hemodialisis; infeksi; faktor risiko