Quantum Communication: Concept, Applications, and Future Outlook

Abstract

With the emergence of Quantum mechanics arrived the prospect of further development in technology. New areas of research and development came into the picture, one of them being Quantum communication. In 1991, the first protocol of Quantum cryptography and quantum non-duality attracted physicists, mathematicians, and computer scientists to explore the mysterious ways of the quantum world. Since then, quantum communication has evolved to an astonishing extent. Ultra-high-speed internet, computational power, optimization, and security have paved the way for innumerable possibilities ahead. This survey intends to investigate the concepts and applications of quantum communication. In this review article, we try to give an idea of quantum communication background by shedding light on polarization and entanglement, following which, we give a brief survey of its applications such as quantum teleportation, quantum key distribution, secure direct communication, and quantum memories. The study concludes with a discussion on the future outlook of this emerging paradigm.