Research of Waterproofing Screens of Increased Efficiency for Preservation of Objects of Cultural Heritage

Abstract

The object of research is the technology of constructing waterproofing screens of buildings and structures from limestone-shell rock. The paper discusses the causes of the violation of the waterproofing of the underground parts of buildings which are made of limestone-shell rock. The problems of preservation of historical buildings and structures made of limestone-shell rock are revealed on the example of such buildings in Ukraine and Moldova:

– Odessa Opera and Ballet Theatre;

– House of Stratz;

– Brodsk Synagogue;

– House of Marazli;

– Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk and Bendery Fortresses;

– Tower of Winds;

– Church of St. Cajetan;

– Powder Cellar of the Tiraspol Fortress;

– Water Mill;

– Church of the Archangel Michael in the village Stroenets and many others.

Based on the methods of the mathematical theory of the experiment, a complex of experimental-statistical models has been constructed, the analysis of which allowed to estimate the intensity of capillary absorption of the «waterproofing screen – limestone-shell rock» system depending on the depth of injection, the diameter of the injector and the step of its location. An arrangement of injection holes was proposed and justified to ensure waterproofing of structures, which allows filling the capillary-porous masonry space for 6–12 % more than other schemes. The accepted physical model of the distribution of the injectable composition in the porous structure of limestone-shell rock allowed to analyze the depth, diameter, and injection step, which affect the distribution area of the solution in the structural array. The depth of injection is indeed one of the most important technological characteristics in the construction of an intra-structural waterproofing screen. From a technological point of view, the degree of influence of the injection step on the intensity of capillary moisture transfer is quite high, since it directly affects the amount of active waterproofing composition in the injected thickness, as well as labor costs when performing waterproofing works. The diameter of the borehole does not significantly affect the studied parameter within the selected experimental conditions.