Efficient reversible steganographic embedding by the integration of reduplicated EMD and image interpolation

Abstract

In 2006, Zhang and Wang proposed the Exploiting Modification Direction method (EMD) technique, which has good embedding capacity (about 1.16bpp) and high image quality (about 52dB) in irreversible data hiding field. Later other scholars have continued making improvements on EMD to increase data embedding capacity. However, these methods do not possess reversibility. Therefore, this paper exploits an extension of EMD integrated with image interpolation to make images reversible, and at the same time the high embedding capacity and acceptable image quality are also retained.