Research of the specificity of the development of international sea container transportation

Abstract

The rapid development of container transportation in the world requires acceptance of strategic decisions in the logistical and technical support of cargo delivery by sea transport with the aim of achieving effective development of the maritime logistics system and identifying the leaders of maritime logistics. The article considers the process of containerization in sea transport in the international context. This type of transportation has a lot of advantages over other types of cargo transportation, including low cost, large volumes of transportation, clear and unambiguous rules, legal norms of sea transportation, defined sea routes. In the course of the study, countries with access to the sea or the ocean were studied. Such countries include Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Japan, the Netherlands and Singapore - countries with a developed logistics system. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the development of the world's leading ports were analyzed, in particular, the number of ships of various types, including depending on the flag, their carrying capacity, and the time spent in the port. The development of maritime trade, which is carried out along the following main routes, is analyzed: Non-mainlane East West, North-South, South-South, Intra-regional. According to the results of the study, the classification of the world fleet by the main types of vessels was carried out. In the course of the analysis of the modern development of the world market of container transportation, a steady trend towards an increase in the volume of cargo transported in containers was established. This is explained by the fact that containerization allows incresaing the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics enterprises significantly, which is of great importance in the conditions of a market economy. The development of the system of container transportation by sea transport is a rational way to improving the quality of the organization of cargo transportation, which, thanks to economic efficiency, will allow reducing transportation costs during the transportation of cargo. The prospective directions of their development are substantiated.