Evaluation and comparison of the safety profile of topical anti-glaucoma drugs in patients of primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension or normal tension glaucoma

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the the study was to evaluate and to compare the side effects of topical anti-glaucoma drugs in patients of POAG, OHT, ad NTG. Introduction: Topical drugs are the mainstay of glaucoma management but are associated with various adverse effects which can influence compliance and quality of life of the patient. Materials and Methods: We studied 308 eyes of 154 patients above 15 years, having POAG, OHT, or NTG and using at least one anti-glaucoma medication. A structured validated questionnaire was used followed by ocular examination to collect data which were analyzed statistically. Results: Out of 308 eyes of 154 patients, 80.51% patients experienced at least one side effect, more in females. The incidence increased to 72.52%, 92.10%, 91.66%, and 100% among 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 age groups, respectively. TBUT was normal in 62.79% eyes when duration of therapy was ≤ 5 years but not when beyond 11 years and normal only in 34% eyes exposed to benzalkonium chloride. Only 8.45% patients experienced systemic side effects but none required emergency care. Change of therapy due to side effects occurred in 8.11% patients. Conclusion: Topical anti-glaucoma drugs are quite safe but incidence of side effects increases with age, duration of therapy, and number of medications. Although few, they affect the quality of life and compliance potentially limiting success of the treatment. Clinical Significance: Knowledge of side effects helps us in tailoring, monitoring, and revising treatment as necessary, to minimize side effects and maximize outcomes.