Characteristics of Palm Oil Solid Waste and Its Potency for Bio-Oil Raw Material

Abstract

The qualities of the raw materials utilized have a significant impact on the features of vegetable oil-based fuel products. The goal of this study is to find out what features palm oil solid waste has as a raw material for bio-oil production. In this study, shell and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) waste are compared to earlier research. The proximate analysis was carried out on a Carbolite Furnace, and the ultimate analysis on a Lecco CHN628 instrument, both in accordance with the ASTM test method. The findings of the typical tests reveal that the lower the O/C and H/C ratios, the higher the calorific value of a certain fuel, and vice versa. Palm oil solid waste has the potential to be employed as a raw material in the manufacturing of bio-oil, according to both ultimate and proximate studies.