Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for the Detection of Marine Toxins

Abstract

Phytotoxins produced by marine microalgae, such as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), can accumulate in bivalve mollusks, representing a healthcare concern due to the life-threatening symptoms they cause. The present study aims to develop an electronic tongue based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and enzymatic reaction for the rapid detection of a group of major PSTs.