Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting-Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Hardware Impairment and Phase Error

Abstract

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfig-urable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) provide both transmitting and reflecting signals. The combination of STAR-RIS and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) provides higher performance gains. In this paper, we evaluate NOMA downlink transmission with STAR-RIS under phase error and transceiver hardware impairment. We exploit the statistical properties of the effective channel power and evaluate the ergodic rate behaviors for ideal and non-ideal STAR-RIS-NOMA systems. The numerical results confirm the accuracy of the analytical analysis and demonstrate the selection of the system parameters.