The Fontan Circulation

Abstract

The original Fontan procedure was first introduced in the 1970s. The concept behind this surgical technique was revolutionary. It has subsequently transformed the lives of children born with complex congenital heart disease which was once thought to be inoperable and resulted in early death. The procedure itself has had several modifications over the decades, with subsequent improvements in long-term outcomes for these patients. Fontan patients are now surviving well into adulthood and the majority are able to live wholesome fulfilling lives. There are, however, a small proportion who are faced with the negative long-term physiological effects of this unconventional circulation. Early detection and management of these patients is the key to their long-term survival.