KLM operator values for rural mobile phone user

Abstract

Keystroke-Level Model (KLM) is a simplified cognitive modelling technique. The value of KLM operators have been defined for keyboard/mouse based interaction and literate western users. We conjectured that the values of the operators, especially the mental operator, would change for semi-literate Indian users using mobile phones, given their diversity. We have conducted tests with two user groups -- highly literate and semi-literate, to derive KLM operators. We discovered that the values of all the operators remain unaffected by literacy levels. However, the mental operator still varies according to the complexity of the interface. While performing the analysis we also discovered certain qualitative aspects of mobile based interactions which we have shared in this paper. Our findings would aid the upcoming rural mobile application HCI industry in India.