Synthesis of Chitosan Composite based on Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Exuviae with Kipahit Leaf Extract and its Inhibition Test against Xanthomonas oryzae

Abstract

HDB disease is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae, an important disease in rice plants. Recently, many organic compounds based antibacterial agents like chitosan are being developed. The potential raw materials for producing chitosan is Black Soldier Fly (BSF) exuviae. At the development, chitosan was formulated with other ingredients such as kipahit leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) extract. This study aimed to synthesize BSFbased chitosan, formulate BSF-based chitosan composites with kipahit leaf extract using 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate and evaluate the antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae. The optimization of kipahit leaves extraction was performed with a solvent varieties (2% acetic acid, 96% ethanol and 20% DMSO). The antibacterial activity assay was performed by the disc diffusion method (0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1% (w/v)). The results showed that the optimum kipahit leaf extract was obtained using 96% ethanol. The kipahit leaf extract was successfully formulated with BSF-based chitosan to form a BSF-kipahit leaf chitosan composite. According to the anti-bacterial activity assay, the potential composite of kipahit leaf extract and BSF-based chitosan was obtained at a concentration of 1%. However, the effectiveness of its inhibition against the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae is less than the indivdual BSF-based chitosan.