Features of laboratory studies of environment state during the war period

Abstract

The aim of work was to determine the priority objects of observation and criterion indicators of their pollution as a result of military actions. Research materials and methods: bibliographic, bibliosemantic, hygienic, analytical. Scientific sources containing materials of international experience in studying the impact of military operations on the environment and living conditions of the population are included in the analysis. Results. Based on the generalization of literature data and our own research carried out in the prewar period, the possible consequences of environmental pollution as a result of military operations are analyzed and their main dangers are identified. It is shown that the soil is the main object where the harmful factors of hostilities accumulate. In places of warfare, fuel, oil products, chemical residues, fragments of explosives (mines, shells, missiles) are impregnated into the soil, the chemical elements of which pose a threat not only now, but also determine the danger in the future. In particular, it has been shown that heavy metals and their oxidation products, combustion products and numerous fires cause stable environmental pollution with such stable compounds as heavy metals (lead, cobalt, cadmium, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, manganese, etc.), as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are all stable in the environment, in particular in soils, where they accumulate and circulate through the chains of «air - soil - water - plants - animals – humans», and thus will affect the health of the population for many years to come. secondary pollution of atmospheric air and food products, especially of plant origin, grown in contaminated areas. Conclusion: the environmental pollution was analyzed in the places where military equipment, heavy vehicles, fuel, shells, oil products, etc. are stored. The possibility of acute and chronic exposure, which creates conditions for the accumulation of pollutants in the places of human life, is shown. The priority objects of environmental control, their criteria indicators and the frequency of their measurements to prevent a negative impact on public health in extreme conditions are determined.