Safety Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering and Simultaneous Port Operations for Passenger Ships

Tommaso Iannaccone, B. Jeong, V. Cozzani, P. Zhou
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been recognized as an effective alternative fuel for marine propulsion, evidently, a growing number of vessels, including passenger ships, is already running on such a fuel. While LNG bunkering can be performed in several ways, depending on transferred volumes and managerial considerations, the time spent for LNG bunkering is regarded to be a key factor to ensure the cost-effectiveness of such operation, since a minimization of bunkering duration at the berth will make port infrastructures available for more vessels. As a result, passenger embarkment is simultaneously conducted with ship bunkering, which may increase the potential risk to individuals both onboard and nearby. Given this background, this paper is to investigate the potential risk of passenger vessels with the identification of credible scenarios for port operations that can be carried out simultaneously with LNG bunkering. An approach of quantitative risk assessment is applied to determine the risk levels pertinent to proposed scenarios. For frequency analysis, the technique of the fault tree analysis is adopted to integrate the influence of human error and management policy to the likelihood of unwanted events. Consequence analysis is conducted in aids of a commercial software to simulate the impact of LNG dispersion and fires. Research findings have shown that simultaneous operations have a negative impact both on frequency and consequence of accidental scenarios arising from LNG bunkering, taking the risk beyond lower acceptance criteria. Finally, a quantification of the risk increase is proposed to help stakeholders identify criticalities and reduce the risk contributions of simultaneous operations.
客船液化天然气加注与港口同步作业的安全性分析
液化天然气(LNG)的使用已被公认为是船舶推进的有效替代燃料,显然,越来越多的船舶,包括客船,已经在使用这种燃料。虽然LNG加注有几种方式,取决于转移量和管理考虑,但LNG加注所花费的时间被认为是确保此类操作成本效益的关键因素,因为在泊位加注时间的最小化将使港口基础设施可供更多船舶使用。因此,乘客登船与船舶加油是同时进行的,这可能会增加船上和附近人员的潜在风险。在此背景下,本文将调查客船的潜在风险,并确定可与液化天然气加注同时进行的港口作业的可信情景。采用定量风险评估的方法来确定与所提出的情景相关的风险水平。频率分析采用故障树分析技术,综合考虑人为错误和管理策略对意外事件发生可能性的影响。在商业软件的帮助下进行了后果分析,以模拟液化天然气分散和火灾的影响。研究结果表明,同时作业对液化天然气加注事故的频率和后果都有负面影响,使风险超出了较低的可接受标准。最后,提出了风险增加的量化方法,以帮助利益相关者识别关键问题并减少同时操作的风险贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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