Epidemiological Study on Ocular Trauma and Associated Co-Morbidity at Tertiary Health Care Hospital

Abstract

Aims: To classify and find out the incidence of ocular injury effects and extraocular associates. Methods and Materials: This eight-month observational study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 recruiting 111 eyes of 101 patients reporting to ophthalmology outpatient and emergency medicine departments. Results: The demographic profile is composed of 82 (81.18%) males and 19 (18.81%) females with a mean presenting age of 33.45 and 33.57 years in males and females respectively ranging from 3 to 82 years. Sixty four (57.65%) right and 47 (42.34%) left eyes studied. Closed globe injuries accounted for 95 (85.56%) and open globe injuries were found in 16 (14.41%) eyes. Mode of injuries classified as RTA 37 (33.33%), RTA Self fall 26 (23.42%), metal-induced trauma in 9 (8.10%) and exposure to vegetative matter in 9 (8.10%), self fall at home/work in 6 (5.40%), assault in 4 (2.6%), sports-related injuries in 3 (2.7%), bull gore injuries in 3 (2.7%) and explosion injuries in 3 (2.7%) eyes. RTA and RTA self fall showed the highest relative risk and odds ratio among males compared to females. The relative risk ratio and odds ratio for RTA in males showed 0.63 and 0.31 respectively. Anterior segment injury effects were observed in all eyes and 21 (18.91%) eyes with posterior segment involvement. The associated facio-maxillary injury was seen in 58 (52.25%) eyes, orbital wall fractures in 52 (46.85%), and head injury in 26 (23.42%) eyes. Thirty (35.14%) eyes required imaging for further evaluation, of which 32 (31.68%) underwent computed tomography and 2 (1.99%) eyes subjected to magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty-three (52.47%) eyes were managed surgically, 25 (24.75%) conservatively and 23 (22.77%) medically. Conclusion: This study analysis concludes that closed globe injury is the most common ocular trauma. In middle-aged male patients, RTA-induced injuries were commonly prevalent. The most frequently associated co-morbidities were facio-maxillary trauma, lateral orbital wall fractures, and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Maximum eyes required surgical management while computed tomography provided a conventional mode of imaging. The multi-departmental management approach is essential for achieving a good medical and surgical outcome.