Hemolysis and infection: categories and mechanisms of their interrelationship.

Abstract

Different cause-and-effect relationships between hemolytic and infectious processes are categorized in a clinically useful manner as follows: infections causing hemolysis by invasion of red blood cells (RBCs), by hemolysins, or by immune mechanisms; oxidative damage to RBCs during infections; hemolysis secondary to infection-induced pathologic processes; hemolytic effects of antimicrobial therapy; and predisposition of an individual to infection caused by an underlying hemolytic disorder or therapy for that disorder. The mechanisms of these interrelationships are discussed in detail.