Miniature GNSS antenna arrays using multi-mode antenna elements

Abstract

A new multi-mode antenna element is introduced which enables miniaturization of Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) antenna arrays. The multi-mode antenna element supports continuous operation across GNSS operating bands, allowing multi-frequency and multi-constellation connectivity, and is compatible with Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) designs. Compared with previous multi-constellation GNSS array designs, arrays of multi-mode antenna elements offer reduced size and/or improved gain.