Integration of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

Abstract

the paper offers a comprehensive study on integrating electric vehicles into the smart grid. Electric vehicles' environmental impacts are briefly discussed. The relationship between the smart grid and the electric vehicles denoted under the vehicle-to-grid, and grid-to-vehicle scenarios are expressed. The integration of electric vehicles into the smart grid poses difficulties in terms of planning, operating, and controlling the grid, so these challenges are supported by applications for a progressive integration, in addition to a literature review about an investigation on incorporating renewable energy resources in this integration. Also, a new patent called the SOC-OCV estimation method is expressed with the full steps of calculations. Further, an electric vehicle model is constructed to mimic the performance of a real electric vehicle is donated with its blocks assisted with the SOC-OCV estimation method.