QoS aware Hierarchical Multi -hop Routing Protocols in MANETs

Abstract

Ad hoc wireless networks are multi -hop networks that are dynamic, and are formedby a group of nodes which are mobile in nature,on a shared wireless links.Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi hop radio network. The analysis and design of routing protocols is a significant issue in ad- hoc wireless networks. Since the previously proposed routing algorithmshave not considered the multi-hop flow with an end-to-end scenario, and had shown to perform well in providing blond sharing of bandwidths among the sing le-hop wireless flow. Compared to host- based routing, Hierarchical Multi-hop routing significantly reduces the routing table sizes and the amount of routing related signalling traffic, at the expense of reducing path efficiency and generating some management traffic. This paper focuses on QoS aware Hierarchical Multi -hop routing schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. The best path from a source to a destination is calculated using the QoS information available with either group heads or with each member. S eparate clusters are created using the cluster creation algorithm. Depending on the QoS information available with each gateway node, packets are routed . Because of the hierarchical architecture, the performance is unaffected by the increase in the number of mobile nodes, at the same time the Packet Loss is reduced. The proposed dynamic clustering algorithm manages the handover dynamically and hence the efficiency is not degraded by node mobility.