Activity of nitrifying bacteria and productivity of crops under the use of green manure

R. Sosa, V. Garcia, R. Sosa
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Abstract

During the recycling of soil nitrogen, it is necessary to register the activity of nitrifying bacteria in nitrification. This process, in tropical conditions, is negatively affected by extreme variations in temperature, humidity, pH and organic matter during agronomic practices. Population changes of nitrifying bacteria in corn and soybean crops were evaluated under the use and management of green manure (GM). It was established as GM Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (CIAT No. 9349) - corn var. ICA 305. Ninety days later it was harvested and the residues were incorporated as LF or disposed on the soil surface as organic mulch (OM), the native weed Rottboellia cochinchinensis L. was managed as fallow (F). Then, corn-soybean crops were sown in an intercalated and monoculture system, each system was subject to organic fertilization (OF), chemical fertilization (CF) or no fertilization (NF). 11 treatments were structured under the design of Random Complete Blocks with 32 + 2 factorial arrangements with three repetitions. In the stage of blossoming and grain filling of the crops, the variables analyzed were; oxidizing bacteria of ammonium nitrate, volumetric humidity, temperature and yield. The populations of AOB and the production of NO3- did not vary significantly between treatments, but it did occur with soil temperature and humidity. The use of GM / OM promoted yields similar to those obtained with CF in corn, while in soybeans, when OM was added, yields exceeded CF.
绿肥处理下硝化细菌活性与作物产量的关系
在土壤氮的循环利用过程中,对硝化细菌的活性进行记录是必要的。在热带条件下,这一过程受到农艺实践中温度、湿度、pH值和有机物质的极端变化的负面影响。研究了绿肥处理对玉米和大豆作物硝化细菌种群的影响。它被确定为转基因Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (CIAT No. 9349) -玉米品种ICA 305。收获90 d后,将秸秆作为有机地膜或有机地膜处理在土壤表面,土种杂草Rottboellia cochinchinensis L.作为休耕(F)管理。然后,玉米-大豆作物采用间作单作系统播种,每个系统分别施用有机肥(OF)、化肥(CF)或不施肥(NF)。11个处理采用32 + 2阶乘排列,重复3次的随机完全区设计。在作物开花灌浆期,分析变量为:硝酸铵氧化菌的体积、湿度、温度和产率。AOB种群数量和NO3-产量在不同处理间差异不显著,但随土壤温度和湿度的变化而变化。玉米中添加GM / OM的产量与添加CF的产量相似,而大豆中添加OM的产量超过CF。
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