EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LOADS OF BUSHES WITH SHOOTS AND BUNCHES ON UVOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CENTENNIAL SEEDLESS GRAPEVINE VARIETY

Abstract

The article considers the issue of the influence of the different loads of bushes with shoots and bunches on the uvological indicators of bunches of Centennial Seedless grapevine variety in the agroecological conditions of the Central viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region. The Centennial Seedless variety is cultivated in a covering and grafted culture on a SO4 rootstock. Drip irrigation. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. The average air temperature of the winter months (December-February) of the studied 2021/2022 was 2.3 °C higher than the climatological norm of 1991‒2020. The absolute minimum was observed in the third decade of December and amounted to 13 °C. The transition of air temperature through +10 °C occurred on March 31. The average temperature of the growing season (April-September) was +20.1 °C, 0.1 °C less than climatological norm. The absolute maximum air temperature was observed in the second decade of September – +38 °C, which is extremely atypical for this area. The total precipitation was 77 mm more than climatological norm and amounted to 427 mm. Uvological assessment of bunches was carried out in three variants of the bush load with shoots and bunches: variant 1 (control) – the maximum load with shoots (36 pcs./bush) and bunches (27 pcs./bush); variant 2 – the average load with shoots (23 pcs./bush) and bunches (15 pcs./bush); variant 3 – minimum load of shoots (13 pcs./bush) and bunches (8 pcs./bush). During the uvological analysis of grape bunches a variant with an average bush load with shoots (23 pcs./bush) and bunches (15 pcs./bush) highlighted according to the following parameters: length and width of the bunch, average berry weight, proportion of berries and stalks in the bunch, number of berries per 100 g of bunch, average weight of 100 berries, pulp weight in 100 berries. The variant with the maximum load of bushes with shoots (36 pcs./bush) and bunches (27 pcs./bush) highlighted by weight of bunches, the weight of pulp and rudiments in a bunch, the number and weight of rudiments in a berry, the average weight of rudiments in 100 berries. The variant with the least load of bushes with shoots (13 pcs./bush) and clusters (8 pcs./bush) highlighted by weight and the proportion of skin and pulp.