Classical Sources

Abstract

: Asphalt ἄζθαιηνο was important in ancient history, and there are many definitions in the Dictionary, It was called bitumin in the Latin language, asphalt and bitumen in the Arabic language, and the term asphalt itself was mentioned in the Septuagint translation of the Bible. Asphalt is considered a natural material, and does not lag behind the distillation of crude oil as we see it now. Its origin dates back to prehistoric times, and the Dead Sea asphalt was formed during different geological ages. Asphalt is extracted from several places such as Apollonia, Zakynthos Island, Heat, Adiabene and the Dead Sea. Water, salt and olive oil are extracted with asphalt as in Parthia, and sometimes waters such as Apollonia, Zakynthos Island and Heat. Its importance is shown through the preservation of extinct plants and animals, lighting, mummification, wars, politics and medicine of all kinds, as it helps to kill insects and cattle plague and help eliminate wounds, treat epilepsy, heal from bites, and its smell expels snakes .