Contrition, Confession, and the Power of the Keys in the Summa Halensis

Abstract

: This study addresses the sacrament of penance as it is treated within the Summa Halensis , specifically focusing upon the role that contrition plays in relation to confession. In order to provide proper context for this treatment in the Summa Halensis , we will examine a range of discussions throughout the 12 th and early 13 th cen-turies, in addition to the section on penance in Alexander of Hales ’ Gloss of Lombard ’ s Sentences. We would be confident in saying that the Summa Halensis , like the earlier Gloss, held that contrition on the part of the penitent is the determining factor in the forgiveness of sins apart from subsequent acts of confession and satisfaction. One central question, however, is precisely how the Summa Halensis explains contrition ’ s relationship to the duties of confession and satisfaction, which still remained vital components of the sacrament. A simple answer to this question is not forthcoming; there may even be a shift of position not only from the Gloss to the Summa Halensis , but even within the Summa Halensis itself.