Goals, motives and collisions of women's running practices in the light of gender approach

Stanislav Vladimirovich Kannykin
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Abstract

According to the ideas dominating in scientific discourse, female stayers of the twentieth century had to overcome gender stereotypes for a long time and in a tense struggle, according to which long running deprives them of "femininity" and threatens reproductive function. The article shows that the reasons for the long negative attitude of society towards physical culture and sports women's running are much more diverse and historically deepened, they go far beyond the sphere of training and competitive activity and "pure" physiology, having a socio-culturally determined ideological basis. The objectives of the article: to determine the types of women's running practices; to analyze the goals and motives of the running activities of their participants; to identify the causes of social conflicts generated by these practices and ways to overcome them. The main types of women's running practices are ritual competitive and out-of-competition running, festive competitive running, wellness and sports running. Running was used by women to achieve the following goals: marriage, material reward, pleasing the gods, transition to a new social group, magical influence, emancipation, physical development and setting records. The motives of running practices were gaining patronage, ensuring the well-being of the community, confirming their gender and age fullness, acquiring magical abilities, overcoming the scarcity of life, health care, self-realization, achieving equality with men in competitive activities and opportunities provided by society to outstanding athletes. The collisions of women's running practices are mainly associated with the mythological, religious and philosophical misogyny of traditional societies and gender stereotypes of modern times, according to which prolonged running locomotion does not correspond to the gender expecta-tions of society, the norms of decency and causes irreparable harm to women's health. Largely due to the selfless struggle of runners for equality in realizing their athletic potential, women's identity today is associated not only with femininity, and at the last Olympics in Tokyo, gender parity of participants was achieved for the first time.
性别视角下女子跑步训练的目标、动机与碰撞
根据在科学论述中占主导地位的观点,20世纪的女性必须在长期和紧张的斗争中克服性别刻板印象,根据这种刻板印象,长期跑步剥夺了她们的“女性气质”并威胁到生殖功能。文章认为,长期以来社会对体育文化和运动女子跑步的消极态度的原因是多方面的和历史的深化,它们远远超出了训练和竞技活动和“纯粹”生理的范畴,具有社会文化决定的思想基础。本文的目的是:确定女子跑步练习的类型;分析参与者跑步活动的目标和动机;查明这些做法所产生的社会冲突的原因和克服这些冲突的方法。女子跑步练习的主要类型有仪式竞技跑和赛外跑、节日竞技跑、养生跑和运动跑。跑步被女性用来实现以下目标:结婚、物质回报、取悦神灵、过渡到新的社会群体、神奇影响、解放、身体发展和创造记录。跑步活动的动机是获得赞助,确保社区的福祉,确认其性别和年龄的完整性,获得神奇的能力,克服生命、保健、自我实现的匮乏,在竞争活动中实现与男子平等,以及社会为优秀运动员提供机会。妇女跑步行为的冲突主要与传统社会的神话、宗教和哲学上的厌女症以及现代社会的性别陈规定型观念有关,根据这些观念,长时间的跑步运动不符合社会的性别期望和体面规范,对妇女的健康造成不可弥补的伤害。在很大程度上,由于运动员们在实现自己的运动潜力方面为平等而进行的无私斗争,今天的女性身份不仅与女性气质有关,而且在上一届东京奥运会上,首次实现了参与者的性别平等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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