The Good Sinful Ruler: Ambrose of Milan and Theodosius I

Abstract

The first major innovation in imperial representation inspired by Christianity surfaced more than half a century after the death of Constantine.1 The actions of two prominent figures from this time jointly led to this change. Ambrose (c. 339–397) – the bishop of the imperial residence Milan – was certainly the initiator of this influential political development.2 However, Theodosius I’s (347–395) own role in establishing this new element of imperial representation should not be underestimated.3 The emperor’s act of repentance which he had to perform publicly in 390 or 391