АНАЛІЗ МІЖНАРОДНОГО ДОСВІДУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ФОРМУВАННЯ КЛАСТЕРНИХ СИСТЕМ

Abstract

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the development of cluster formations in different countries. Researchers distinguish three main models of cluster creation based on the economic and geographical approach and the development of certain megaregions: the American, Western European and Asian models. However, this approach is not universal, since it does not take into account the different availability of Natural Resources, the capacity of national and regional markets, the role of the state in regulating the economy, the specifics of industry, and so on. A research aim is to analyze economic and geographical approaches to the development of cluster formations in different countries. The subject of the research is mechanisms for ensuring clustering of economic elements. For the aim of the research, the following methods were used: comparative, statistical, descriptive, system analysis and synthesis. The basic hypothesis of research was the analysis of the components of the formation of a cluster structure: the innovation component and the competitiveness model, which will reveal the main features and limitations of the clustering process. Exposition of basic material. The article considers the study of economic and geographical approaches to clustering based on the innovative component and key elements of the economic competitiveness model: Natural Resources, macro-and microeconomic competitiveness. The article considers the cluster specialization of countries according to industry affiliation, and provides a statistical analysis of the structure of production of finished products by enterprises that are part of cluster formations in the total volume of production. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research is due to the analysis of the structural components of cluster formations, taking into account regional features. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The analysis of economic and geographical approaches to the development of cluster formations in different countries has shown that enterprises that are part of cluster formations introduce innovations faster and more efficiently, the production process is better established, collaboration and cooperation relations are formed between the participants of the cluster system. However, due to the differences in resource, competitive innovation, economic, and regulatory legal components, the process of studying the system of cluster formations needs to be continued.