10. An infernal journey

B. Graziosi
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Abstract

Of all his many adventures, Odysseus’ journey to the Underworld is his most extreme. He manages to reach the place most distant from home, and from life itself, yet return even from there. His nekyia—‘dialogue with the dead’—is arguably his greatest feat, and one that has been replayed again and again in literary history. ‘An infernal journey’ describes other ancient heroes who have visited the Underworld: Heracles, Theseus, and Orpheus, and Enkidu, the friend of the Babylonian epic hero, Gilgamesh. For all the difficulties, there is in this Homeric poem, in its protagonist, and his many returns, not just a will to live, but a determination to take pleasure in the tale.
10. 地狱之旅
在他所有的冒险中,奥德修斯的地狱之旅是他最极端的一次。他设法到达离家最远的地方,远离生活本身,但甚至从那里回来。他的nekyia——“与死者的对话”——可以说是他最伟大的壮举,在文学史上被一次又一次地重演。《地狱之旅》描述了其他访问过冥界的古代英雄:赫拉克勒斯、忒修斯、俄耳甫斯,以及巴比伦史诗英雄吉尔伽美什的朋友恩基杜。尽管困难重重,在这首荷马史诗中,在它的主人公和他的多次回归中,不仅有生存的意志,还有从故事中获得乐趣的决心。
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