THE ESSENCE OF MIGRATION AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC CATEGORY AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

Abstract

Objective. The objective of the article is to analyze the essence of the concept, classification features and types of migration as a socio-economic phenomenon. Methods. In the process of research into the essence of the concept, classification features and types of migration, the general scientific and specific methods of scientific knowledge are used. Grouping and comparison methods are applied in the study of the nature of migration as a socio-economic definition. The table method is used to group the characteristics of the definition «migration». Methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization are used to determine the main characteristics of migration. Methods of induction, concretization and abstraction are applied in the formation of the essence of the concepts of «migration», «emigration», «immigration». Results. The article deals with the essence of the concepts and the main substantive aspects of the definitions of «migration». A detailed analysis of the interpretation of the definition of «migra­tion» in the regulatory and scientific sources is carried out. It has been determined that the main components of migration are emigration and immigration. The main characteristics of the defini­tion of «migration» are formed, specified and generalized. It is determined that the common char­acteristic for all interpretations of the essence of the definition of «migration» is the obligation of territorial displacement of the population, either within or outside the country. The classification features and main types of migration are outlined. It is suggested to use two classification criteria «by the effects on the economic potential of the country» and «by age group» as criteria for deter­mining particular types of migration. The interpretation of migration terms, which presupposes quantitative changes in population,; emigration and immigration is generalized and improved. It has been determined that migration is the displacement ofpersons, whether permanent or temporary, due to the influence of direct or indirect factors and causes a change in the quantitative, social, age or vocational qualification of the population at local, regional or interstate level. The concept of «emigration» is defined as the movement of citizens of one country by travelling to another country for the purpose ofpermanent residence, employment, education or avoiding political, religious persecution. The term of «im­migration» is defined as the movement of citizens from a «donor country» by entry to a «recipient country» for the purpose ofpermanent residence, employment, training or avoiding political, reli­gious persecution, for their further use in forming provisions of migration policy, as a regulatory tool for the development and maintenance of economic relations at the macro and mega-levels.