The role of the arc flux and joule heating in the erosion of electrical contacts

S. Kharin, M. Sarsengeldin
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Abstract

The mathematical model describing dynamics of heating and the arc erosion in opening electrical contacts is presented. The arc heat flux components entering and leaving electrode surfaces owing to ion bombardment, electron emission, inverse electron flux and radiation from the arc, melting, evaporation and heat conduction are taken into account. The temperature distribution in the contact zone is found in the form of the sum of two terms. The first term is produced by the total arc heat flux on the contact surface and associated with the boundary conditions of the problem, while the second one occurs due to Joule heating in the constriction zone and appears as a volume heat source in the differential heat equation. The analysis of the obtained solution enables us to find the range of the contact parameters, such as the electrical and thermal properties of a contact material, current, voltage, opening velocity, in which either term is dominating. Some experimental data are analysed for the illustration of the obtained estimations.
电弧通量和焦耳加热在电触点腐蚀中的作用
建立了描述电触点开路加热和电弧侵蚀动力学的数学模型。考虑了离子轰击、电子发射、电弧的反电子通量和辐射、熔化、蒸发和热传导等因素引起的电弧热流分量进入和离开电极表面。接触区内的温度分布是两项之和的形式。第一项是由接触面上的总电弧热流产生的,与问题的边界条件有关;第二项是由于收缩区的焦耳加热而产生的,在微分热方程中以体积热源的形式出现。对得到的解的分析使我们能够找到接触参数的范围,例如接触材料的电学和热学性质,电流,电压,打开速度,其中任何一项都占主导地位。对一些实验数据进行了分析,以说明所得到的估计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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