Development of Phase-Change Materials with Improved Thermal Properties for Space-Related Applications

P. Adegbaye, Yong Pei, M. Kabir, Herve Cabrel Sandja Tchamba, Bao Yang, Jiajun Xu
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Abstract

For spacecraft thermal management systems, it is crucial to diminish the overall mass of onboard thermal storage system and minimize the temperature fluctuations when the environmental temperature changes drastically. Since there is no atmosphere in outer space, heat can only be rejected to space using radiation (e.g., radiators). The heat sink conditions, and the heating power subjected to be rejected vary continuously at the orbiting stage of the spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is required to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. Possessing a large latent heat of fusion, PCMs can store an enormous amount of thermal energy within a small volume, which makes them ideal for spacecraft thermal management systems. The heating power required to be rejected as well as the heat sink conditions vary steadily at the orbiting stage of spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is needed to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. By engaging and integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) into a passive two-phase heat exchanger, the radiator can be designed and sized for the average rather than the maximum power. This study aims to develop phase-change materials (PCMs) using nanostructured graphitic foams to enhance thermal conductivity of PCMs for improved thermal response in thermal storage applications. In the present study, the correlation of additive’s mass concentration and particle size on the thermal properties of PCM mixtures are investigated experimentally and numerically. Introduction of conductivity enhancing additives into the base PCMs will negatively affect the latent heat of fusion while improving thermal conductivity. Analytical and experimental results for latent heat of fusion are shown to be in good agreement, indicating that as mass concentration of graphitic foam (i.e., C-Foam) increases, the latent heat of PCM decreases consistently. The simulation results also reveal that a small fraction of porous C-Foam additives can significantly enhance thermal conductivity of the base PCM.
在空间相关应用中改进热性能的相变材料的发展
对于航天器热管理系统来说,在环境温度剧烈变化的情况下,减小星载蓄热系统的整体质量和降低温度波动是至关重要的。由于外层空间没有大气层,热量只能通过辐射(例如散热器)排入空间。在航天器的轨道阶段,散热条件和被拒绝的加热功率是连续变化的。没有蓄热能力,散热器被要求足够大,以释放最高的功率在最热的散热器。由于具有巨大的核聚变潜热,pcm可以在很小的体积内存储大量的热能,这使它们成为航天器热管理系统的理想选择。在航天器的轨道运行阶段,需要丢弃的加热功率和散热条件都是稳定变化的。如果没有储热能力,散热器就需要足够大,以便在散热器最热的时候释放最高的功率。通过将相变材料(pcm)集成到被动两相热交换器中,散热器可以根据平均功率而不是最大功率进行设计和尺寸调整。本研究旨在利用纳米结构石墨泡沫开发相变材料(PCMs),以提高相变材料的导热性,从而改善储热应用中的热响应。本文通过实验和数值研究了添加剂的质量浓度和粒径对PCM混合物热性能的影响。在基材中加入增强导电性的添加剂会对熔融潜热产生负面影响,同时提高导热性。熔合潜热的分析结果与实验结果一致,表明随着石墨泡沫(即C-Foam)质量浓度的增加,PCM的潜热持续降低。模拟结果还表明,少量的多孔C-Foam添加剂可以显著提高基体PCM的导热性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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