Retrospective Study on Hospital Admissions due to Pyelonephritis in Type II Diabetic Patients

Dilraj Dhillon, Thomas Randall, David Zezoff, M. Bhattacharyya
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Abstract

Background: Pyelonephritis is a urinary tract infection that ascends to involve the kidneys. It can also occur as an infection secondary to bacteremia. Some pathogens that commonly cause pyelonephritis are E. coli, enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, and pseudomonas. The initial patient presentation usually involves fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, costovertebral angle tenderness, and flank pain. Other cystitis symptoms such as dysuria, increased urinary frequency, malodorous urine, and hematuria may or may not be present. Symptoms of pyelonephritis with bacteriuria are sufficient for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate a potential link between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and pyelonephritis. Methods: In this retrospective study, hospitalized patients during the study period were reviewed. Variables examined were sex, age, and length of stay. Patients were excluded if they had known urogenital abnormalities, indwelling catheters (Foley, nephrostomy, suprapubic, or who regularly perform clean intermittent catheterization), were pregnant, or were on dialysis. Results: Of 333 patients analyzed, diabetics had a longer length of stay then non-diabetics (4.49 vs 3.67 days respectively; p=0.0041) and females were significantly younger than men in hospitalized patients for pyelonephritis were (50.0 vs 63.5 years; p=<0.0001). Further, it was found that diabetics were significantly older than nondiabetics were (60.4 vs 47.3; p=<0.0001) and more diabetics getting admitted with pyelonephritis were men vs women (59.32% vs 35.27%; p=0.0007). Conclusion: Results of the study were significant in showing that of all pyelonephritis-hospitalized patients on average the length of stay was longer for diabetics and it demonstrated that female patients with pyelonephritis are significantly younger than male patients hospitalized with pyelonephritis. Of note, there was no significant difference in the length of stay for diabetic patients based on their treatment modality (diet controlled vs. oral medications vs. insulin dependent vs. combined). The study also showed that diabetics getting admitted for pyelonephritis are more men and older in age compared to the nondiabetics.
2型糖尿病患者肾盂肾炎住院的回顾性研究
背景:肾盂肾炎是一种上升累及肾脏的尿路感染。它也可作为继发于菌血症的感染而发生。一些通常引起肾盂肾炎的病原体是大肠杆菌、肠杆菌科、葡萄球菌和假单胞菌。患者最初的表现通常包括发热、寒战、恶心、呕吐、肋椎角压痛和侧腹疼痛。其他膀胱炎症状如排尿困难、尿频增加、尿臭和血尿可能存在,也可能不存在。有细菌尿的肾盂肾炎症状足以诊断肾盂肾炎。目的:本研究的目的是探讨II型糖尿病和肾盂肾炎之间的潜在联系。方法:回顾性分析研究期间住院患者的资料。研究的变量包括性别、年龄和住院时间。排除有泌尿生殖系统异常、留置导尿管(Foley、肾造口术、耻骨上导尿管或定期进行清洁间歇导尿管)、怀孕或透析的患者。结果:在333例患者中,糖尿病患者比非糖尿病患者住院时间更长(分别为4.49天和3.67天;P =0.0041),肾盂肾炎住院患者中女性明显比男性年轻(50.0岁vs 63.5岁;p = < 0.0001)。此外,糖尿病患者明显比非糖尿病患者更老(60.4 vs 47.3;P =<0.0001),且因肾盂肾炎入院的糖尿病患者男性多于女性(59.32% vs 35.27%;p = 0.0007)。结论:本研究结果具有重要意义,在所有肾盂肾炎住院患者中,糖尿病患者的平均住院时间更长,女性肾盂肾炎患者明显比男性肾盂肾炎住院患者年轻。值得注意的是,根据治疗方式(饮食控制、口服药物、胰岛素依赖、联合用药),糖尿病患者的住院时间没有显著差异。该研究还表明,与非糖尿病患者相比,因肾盂肾炎入院的糖尿病患者更多是男性,年龄更大。
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