An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil

A. Saleh, Hasanuzzaman M., C. H., Dayang S. H., Shahril M.
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Abstract

Bio-oil is one of the potential resources to address the sustainable energy development and environmental issues. Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process is one of the popular techniques that is used to extract bio-oil from biomass. In this paper, the bio-oil has been extracted from Palm Kernel Shells by using microwave-assisted and conventional heating pyrolysis processes. A modified heating mantle apparatus are used to conduct the experiment for extracting the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted by varying the hydrothermal temperature and time for both techniques to achieve the conversion of the bio-oil from the raw material. It is found that the yield of bio-oil for microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process at 350°C and 400°C are from 10.70 wt% to 25.60 wt% within hydrothermal time 6, 9 and 12 minutes. The pH value of the bio-oil is acidic with the range from 3 to 4. The calorific value of the bio-oil is varied from 24 to 26 MJ/kg for both conversion methods. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result reveals that multiple functional groups (alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketones) are present in the PKS bio-oil.
改性微波辅助快速水热液化棕榈仁壳制生物油的研究
生物油是解决可持续能源发展和环境问题的潜在资源之一。微波辅助快速水热液化是从生物质中提取生物油的常用技术之一。以棕榈仁壳为原料,采用微波辅助热解和常规加热热解两种工艺提取生物油。利用改进的加热罩装置进行生物油的提取实验。实验是通过改变水热温度和时间来实现这两种技术从原料中转化生物油。结果表明,在350°C和400°C条件下,微波辅助快速水热液化生物油的产率在6、9和12分钟内分别为10.70% ~ 25.60%。生物油的pH值为酸性,范围为3 ~ 4。对于两种转化方法,生物油的热值从24到26 MJ/kg不等。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,PKS生物油中存在多个官能团(醇、醛、羧酸和酮)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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