Fifty years on: An international perspective on oral history

A. Thomson
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引用次数: 114

Abstract

According to the recorded tradition of the North American Oral History Association, "oral history was established in 1948 as a modern technique for historical documentation when Columbia University historian Allan Nevins began recording the memoirs of persons significant in American life." This essay explores significant issues in oral history, fifty years on. It focuses on four developments that are central to the current concerns of oral historians, drawing on lessons from oral history projects around the world. First, scholars now recognize that interviewing operates within culturally specific systems of communication, so that there is not necessarily a single or universal "right way" to do oral history. Second, new thinking about memory and history has posed new opportunities and dilemmas in the interpretation of oral testimony. Third, an increasing emphasis on the value that remembering has for the narrator has broadened the practice of oral history so that it can be more than a research methodology. Finally, as new technologies expand ways of generating interviews and presenting oral history, they spotlight concerns about how people's memories are used or abused in public representation. This survey offers no definitive conclusions or recommendations; it is instead intended to suggest pointers for continuing debate.
五十年过去了:口述历史的国际视角
根据北美口述历史协会(North American Oral History Association)的记录传统,“口述历史是1948年哥伦比亚大学历史学家艾伦·内文斯(Allan Nevins)开始记录美国生活中重要人物的回忆录时,作为一种现代历史记录技术而建立的。”这篇文章探讨了50年来口述历史中的重要问题。它着重于口述历史学家当前关注的四个核心发展,并借鉴了世界各地口述历史项目的经验教训。首先,学者们现在认识到,采访是在特定文化的交流系统中运作的,因此,口述历史不一定有单一或普遍的“正确方式”。其次,对记忆和历史的新思考为口头证词的解释带来了新的机遇和困境。第三,人们越来越强调记忆对叙述者的价值,这扩大了口述历史的实践,使它不仅仅是一种研究方法。最后,随着新技术扩大了采访和口述历史的呈现方式,人们开始关注人们的记忆在公共表现中是如何被使用或滥用的。这项调查没有给出明确的结论或建议;相反,它的目的是建议继续辩论的指针。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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