The directions and methods of genetic engineering and cultivation of lactic acid bacteria for the beginners

Abstract

Genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria is a difficult task for the beginners due to large difference in strains of interest and poor access for genetic tools. In this review, based on the author’ s experiences, experimental directions and methods for selecting the host strain and vectors; transformation of lactic acid bacteria; optimization of expression system; gene disruption/insertion; cultivation of recombinants