Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine

Abstract

Agriculture, fisheries, and the food industry play a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The modern fishing industry in Ukraine is a highly industrial, capital-intensive, integrated production with high production costs, which is designed to ensure the socio-economic development of many coastal regions and provide the population with valuable protein products necessary for healthy eating. The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in III and IV zones of aquaculture of Ukraine was studied; dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms by regions and fishery zones on the territory of Ukraine; the structure of fishing by regions in the inland waters of Ukraine is analyzed; the leading representatives of catches in inland waters of Ukraine by regions were identified. Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020, it was found that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions and some regions decreased to almost zero. Studies have shown that the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 – 37.615 tons, in 2015 – 35.985 tons, in 2020 – 22.267 tons. In all periods, leaders among the production in inland waters are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved. It is established that, according to the analysis, the main representatives of the caught ichthyofauna are: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish. The structure of catches for the whole period remains almost unchanged. The largest catches (2019) are: carp – 1704 tons; silver carp – 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp – 398.8 tons; ram (flat) – 364.5 tons Kyiv region. The main species found in the catches of other regions are – the Volyn region – carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region – silver carp (300 t), Lviv region – carp (499 tons), Rivne region – carp (134 tons), Ternopil region – carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region – carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region. – carp (352.8 t). Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least caught in the whole territory of Ukraine. It should be noted that several factors that affect fish stocks of inland waters, and consequently catches, most often consider the impact of environmental factors, destruction and inefficiency of spawning grounds, age and sex structure of populations, poaching, etc.