Three-phase OPF in distribution networks with high penetration of DERs

Abstract

In the recent years, due to the greenhouse gas emissions and the world climate change issue, the use of distributed energy resources (DERs) have gained a lot of attention of researchers. On the other hand, the integration of DERs into the distribution level of power systems increased the complexity of the operation related problems, especially in the distribution networks. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework to solve a three-phase optimal power flow (TOPF) problem in the distribution networks which are connected to the main grid or not. The proposed formulation is tested on a modified version of IEEE- 37 node distribution test feeder and solved by a presented single-stage robust approach. The results show the flexibility and advantages of this framework to other linear and nonlinear approaches.