Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Abstract

Biofeedback, for:  Chronic constipation (biofeedback is the primary treatment option for patients with dyssynergic defecation)  Irritable bowel syndrome  Levator ani syndrome  Migraine and tension headaches (muscle, thermal or skin biofeedback);  Neuromuscular rehabilitation of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) (policy does not cover neuromuscular electrical stimulators)  Raynaud's disease  Refractory severe subjective tinnitus  Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome  Urinary incontinence