Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in a tertiary care center in the Tropical Region

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of the study were to study etiology, manifestations, and outcome of acute kidney disease in the tropical region in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: In the present prospective study, patients with acute kidney disease admitted to JNMC, Wardha, India, between January 2017 and December 2017 were studied with a detailed history, general physical examination, and systemic examination. Data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the Chi-square test and Student's unpaired t-test and software used in the analysis was SPSS 22.0 version and Graph Pad Prism 6.0 version. Results: This study showed male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Maximum incidence was seen in patients aged >60 years. As per the Kuppuswamy's scale, most of the patients belonged to lower-middle and upper lower class. The study showed various etiological factors associated with acute kidney injuries (AKIs) such as renal causes (most common), heart failure, respiratory failure, cirrhosis, malaria, snake bite, acute gastroenteritis, poisoning, drug nephrotoxicity, and sepsis. Common symptoms were oliguria followed by pedal edema and dyspnea. The most common comorbid illness was hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus which may have made them prone to AKI. About 81.42% of patients survived and 18.58% expired. Of 70, 56 patients were managed conservatively, whereas 14 underwent hemodialysis. Mean duration of hospitalization was 11.01 ± 8.60 days. Conclusion: Intrinsic renal causes followed by heart failure were the common causes of AKI as against infective causes a few years earlier. This shows the changing trend of AKI causes in a developing nation. Average duration of hospitalization was 11 days in the study.