In the Sunken Submarine

Abstract

The chapter analyzes the development and artistic responses of Russian emigré poetry under the pressures of Japanese occupation during the Manchukuo years (1932-1945). It also examines what exile and losing one's nation meant for these stateless intellectuals. Several poets and their works are investigated, along with state-sponsored poetry competitions featuring Russian authors as a means to represent the "success" of multi-ethnic literary endeavours in Manchukuo.