Uncertainty analysis of the weighted least squares VNA calibration

Abstract

Vector network analyzer, VNA, measurement accuracy depends largely on the accuracy of the calibration standards and the calibration method employed. With the quality and accuracy of calibration standards now reaching a technological limit, advances made in calibration methodology has pushed VNA measurement uncertainty lower. One of the new advances is the weighted least squares method. This paper presents a detailed analysis of this method and shows how the uncertainties of this calibration method compare with the more traditional calibration methods. Also, results of different uncertainty analysis approaches are examined.