DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER OVERBURDEN BENCHES OF THE PIT USING LOADERS AND EXCAVATORS

Abstract

Purpose. Investigate and compare technological schemes with the use of extraction and loading equipment and the organization of work during the development of the front of mining operations. Consider the parameters of benches when extracting soft overburdened rocks. Obtain indicators of time to accelerate the working out of rocks in the upper overburden horizons. Methods. Analytical and grapho-analytical methods were used to determine the time for carrying out operations during extraction and loading operations. When determining the expediency of using the extraction and loading equipment, the analysis method was applied, and the results were compared. Research results. It was established that the use of a loader in the face compared to excavators has its advantages related to maneuverability, absence of dependence on power grids, and execution of auxiliary operations without the involvement of additional mining machines. Technological schemes for the use of loaders and excavators during loading into railway transport were considered. Calculations were made, and the deadlines for loading overburden at the extraction site were graphically displayed. Scientific novelty. The obtained indicators make it possible to determine the terms at which effective execution of work will be achieved in a short time for loaders and excavators with a mechanical shovel. It will make it possible to significantly improve the current planning of mining operations when working out the upper horizons of deep pits. Practical significance. In pits of many countries engaged in the extraction of minerals when extracting rock and soft rocks, in addition to excavators, front loaders with different bucket capacities are increasingly used. The article proves that in the upper horizons of many deep pits, the loading of soft rocks can be carried out more efficiently when loaders are used as the main production unit. Key words: pit, loader, excavator, soft rocks, duration of mining operations, railway transport.