VCSEL technology for imaging and sensor systems applications

Abstract

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) provide extraordinary properties like sub-mA threshold current, multi-GHz modulation capability, or relative intensity noise close to the quantum limit. VCSELs have become a preferred light source for optical sensor technologies and imaging systems. The purpose is to review some recent developments with special attention to mass market employments and to reveal future applications.