Study on the Changing Process of the Relationship Between Structure and Agency in the Anthropological Theory

X. Li, Musan Luo
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Abstract

The study of the relationship between structure and agency has always been a hot topic in the theoretical research of anthropology. Each school tries to discuss it from its own theoretical point of view, which has been controversial for hundred years. From Durkheim’s social holism or social determinism to Levi Strauss's structuralism, they tried to demonstrate the priority of structure. Malinowski, who emphasizes personal needs, and Barth, who emphasizes individual actions, they stand on the point of individual initiative. The two kinds of arguments did not combine before Geertz and Bourdieu, who introduce the relationship of structure and activity into the two-way mutual construction. This article attempts to sort out the relevant theories of anthropology schools and major anthropologists on the study of structure and activity, and then to explore the changing process of the relationship
人类学理论中结构与能动性关系变迁过程研究
结构与能动性的关系研究一直是人类学理论研究的热点。每个学派都试图从自己的理论角度来讨论这个问题,这个问题已经争论了百年。从迪尔凯姆的社会整体论或社会决定论到李维·施特劳斯的结构主义,他们都试图论证结构的优先性。强调个人需要的马林诺夫斯基和强调个人行动的巴特,他们都站在个人主动性的立场上。在格尔茨和布迪厄将结构与活动的关系引入双向相互建构之前,这两种论证并没有结合起来。本文试图梳理人类学流派和主要人类学家关于结构与活动研究的相关理论,进而探讨结构与活动关系的变迁过程
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