Interleukin -10 – 1082A/G single nucleotide polymorphism and risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Southwestern population of Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic, multifactorial disease caused by genetic, dietary and environmental interactions with alterations in the pattern of cytokine expression. Association between interleukin (IL)-10 polymorphism and T2DM is not known in Black Af-ricans. This study therefore investigates the relationship between IL-10 -1082A/G polymorphism and risk of T2DM in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: 100 patients with T2DM and 105 healthy controls were enrolled. Anthropomet-ric indices were measured and fasting blood sample was obtained from all subjects. Plasma glucose and lipid profile were estimated by standard laboratory procedures. IL-10 (-1082A/G) gene polymorphism was genotyped using Allele Refractory Mutation detection System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. Odds ratio analysis (95%CI) was used to determine association between genotype and diabetes mellitus in studied subjects. Results: T2DM patients had the highest frequency of IL 10 -1082G/G genotype (58.3%) while -1082AG frequency was highest (63.1%) in non-diabetics. Non- significant associations between IL 10 -1082 gene polymorphism and T2DM risk (for AG genotype: OR=0.95, 95%CI =0.19-4.2, p = 0.95; for GG genotype: OR=0.49, 95%CI = 0.10-2.41, p = 0.38) were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, 2hours post-prandial, total cholesterol and triglyceride were all significantly elevated in IL 10 -1082G/G than AG and AA genotypes in T2DM subjects (p<0.001). Expression of A allele was higher in controls than DM patients . Conclusion: This case-control study did not find a significant association between IL 10-1082A/G polymorphism and T2DM; however further studies with larger sample size and IL-10 plasma level meas-urement will be recommended to validate this observation.