Sustainable development of apple production in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Apples (Malus domestica) have been cultivated in Asia and Europe for thousands of years and now have been produced in all countries. The apple tree accounts for 50% of the global production of deciduous fruit trees. China is the leading apple growing country, producing about 48% of the world's apples, followed by the US, India, and Turkey. Several factors affect the production as competitiveness and cost-effectiveness in the production of apples worldwide. According to FAOSTAT, global apple production is estimated at 87 million tons in 2019. In 2010, 107-150 tons of apples were produced in Kazakhstan, and in 2019, production amounted to 216,540 tons. In Kazakhstan, an apple is grown on 35.171 hectares, and the yield per hectare was 6.157 kg / ha in 2019. In 2019, Kazakhstan exported 16.622 tons of apples to different countries and currently imports more than it exports. The purpose of this study is to determine the latest changes in the production of apples in Kazakhstan during the period from 2010 to 2019. Statistical data are obtained from FAOSTAT, the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data obtained are reflected in tables and have been analyzed using percentage and index calculations.