Anaerobic ability in juvenile male Free- and Greco-Roman style wrestlers

Abstract

Wingate (30sec) test is considered as a still basic tool used for estimation anaerobic capacity of upper and lower body limbs in various sport disciplines , although an cycling exertion does not accurately reflex the structure of motion realized during all competitive efforts. On the other hand very high precision of measured power output with the frequency up to 1000Hz allow to differentiate anaerobic capacities in athletes of similar skills. The are several biomechanical para meters of high diagnostic values. For instance, peak power (PP) recorded during Wingate tests showed good relationships with the other explosive exertions and showed the rate of maximal force development [1-3]. RelativePP is higher in more successful wrestlers as compared to less successful athletes [4]. For that reason level of Wingate test performance is useful for determination of effectiveness of the training period in judokas [5]. The other combat sport athletes whose ana erobic power and capacity have been extensively studied are male and female wrestlers [6-9]. It is worth to note that male wrestlers practice two type wrestling sports known as free style (FS) or Greco-Roman (GRS) style. Both styles use grap pling and throws, but there are differ strategies and techniques during a match. For instance, GRS wrestlers cannot grab their opponents below the waist and lost physical contact after a throw to the ground, while in FS there are no above restrictions. FS derived from American wrestling that is based on a rule “catch-as-catch-can”. It is interesting, whether various match-task structures and competition-related demands of the two styles result in differences in some biomechanical features such as general physical fitness i.e. strength, anaerobic/aerobic capacity of whole body muscles. All of these physical capabilities contribute to the athletic success. It was established, that in Greco-Roman style levels of relative grip strength, pull-ups, peak of anaerobic power of upper/lower limbs are the best predictors of success [10], but it seems, the same is true for free style competitors. Typical wrestling tournament lasts one day and may consists up to five of consecutive matches, each of them implemented within one hour. These bouts are very intensive efforts, leading to biochemical changes in blood, muscles fatigue and deterioration in performance at the end of a competition [11,12]. Thus, physical demands regarding the both wresting styles are very high.