6. Exemption Clauses and Unfair Terms

J. Beatson, A. Burrows, J. Cartwright
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Abstract

This chapter discusses the common law and statutory rules governing exemption clauses, and the control of unfair terms. Written contracts frequently contain clauses excluding or limiting liability. This is particularly so in the case of ‘standard form’ documents drawn up by one of the parties or a trade association to which one of the parties belong. At common law there are special rules on the incorporation of exemption clauses, special rules of construction applicable to them, and a few miscellaneous other common law rules designed to control them. The chapter first considers those common law rules before going on to the legislative control of exemption clauses and unfair terms. The focus of the discussion of statutory control is the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 for non-consumer contracts, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 for consumer contracts.
6. 免责条款和不公平条款
本章讨论了适用于豁免条款的普通法和成文法规则,以及对不公平条款的控制。书面合同通常包含排除或限制责任的条款。在由一方当事人或其中一方当事人所属的行业协会起草的“标准格式”文件的情况下尤其如此。在普通法上,有关于豁免条款的特殊规则,适用于它们的特殊解释规则,以及一些其他杂项的旨在控制它们的普通法规则。本章首先考察了这些普通法规则,然后讨论了豁免条款和不公平条款的立法控制。法定控制的讨论重点是1977年针对非消费者合同的《不公平合同条款法》和2015年针对消费者合同的《消费者权益法》。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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