A Study on the notation of Gishiwajinden and Ancient Japanese: From the Perspective of Notation Centered on 蘇 and 奴

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to more clearly understand the phonology of Wajinden through comparison with ancient Korean and Japanese materials. The subjects of the study were 蘇 and 奴, which have different phonetic values from ancient Japanese materials among the phonetic transcriptions shown in the Wajinden. As for the research method, the phonetic values of 蘇 and 奴 shown in the Wajinden were examined through the estimated Old Chinese phonology, the Fanqie(反切) in a Rhyme Dictionary(韻書), the phonetic values by scholars, and the examples of ancient Korean and Japanese materials. As a conclusion of the study, it was found that 蘇 and 奴 shown in the Wajinden are the markers for the syllables of [sa] and [na]. In Wajinden, 蘇 is a notation for the syllable of [sa さ], and all of them were used as national names. In ancient Japanese sources, 蘇 represents the sound of [so ソ]. As a result of the study of 蘇, first, the phonetic value of the estimated Old Chinese phonology was divided into [sa] and [so], and the phonetic value estimated through the Fanqie(反切) in a Rhyme Dictionary(韻書) was [so]. However, since the sound values shown in a Rhyme Dictionary(韻書) is in Middle-Old Chinese phonology, the authenticity is questionable. second, through the place names and names of people in Goguryeo and Baekje, the corresponding relationship of 蘇：斯：史：泗：所 is established, and it is read as [sa]. Considering these points, it can be said that 蘇 represents the sound value of [sa]. In addition, there are 16 examples of the use of 奴, which can be found in Wajinden, and all refer to proper nouns such as the name of an official position or the name of a country. Among them, only one usage shows the sound value of [nu ぬ], and the remaining 15 usage examples show the sound value of [na な]. In ancient Japanese sources, the sound values of [nuヌ, noノ, doド] are indicated. As a result of consideration, first, as with 蘇, the estimated upper ancient sound of 奴 is divided into [nu] and [na], and the phonetic value estimated through the Fanqie(反切) in a Rhyme Dictionary(韻書) and Ōno's indication was [no], but the time of compilation of a Rhyme Dictionary(韻書) is Middle-Old Chinese phonology. second, the corresponding relationship between 奴=那=弩=內=儒 and 奴=那 can be confirmed through the geographical names and five tribes in the SamgukSagi. third, it was confirmed that 奴 represents the sound value of [na] in the name notation of Nihonsyoki. Through this fact, the sound value of 奴 can be read as [na].