Demand Response Architectures and Load Management Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Power Grids: A Survey

Yee Wei Law, T. Alpcan, V. Lee, A. Lo, S. Marusic, M. Palaniswami
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引用次数: 69

Abstract

A power grid has four segments: generation, transmission, distribution and demand. Until now, utilities have been focusing on streamlining their generation, transmission and distribution operations for energy efficiency. While loads have traditionally been a passive part of a grid, with rapid advances in ICT, demand-side technologies now play an increasingly important role in the energy efficiency of power grids. This paper starts by introducing the key concepts of demand-side management and demand-side load management. Classical demand-side management defines six load shape objectives, of which "peak clipping" and "load shifting" are most widely applicable and most relevant to energy efficiency. At present, the predominant demand-side management activity is demand response (DR). This paper surveys DR architectures, which are ICT architectures for enabling DR programs as well as load management. This paper also surveys load management solutions for responding to DR programs, in the form of load reduction and load shifting algorithms. A taxonomy for "group load shifting" is proposed. Research challenges and opportunities are identified and linked to ambient intelligence, wireless sensor networks, nonintrusive load monitoring, virtual power plants, etc.
高能效电网的需求响应架构与负荷管理算法研究
电网有四个部分:发电、输电、配电和需求。到目前为止,公用事业公司一直致力于简化其发电、输电和配电业务,以提高能源效率。虽然负载传统上是电网的被动组成部分,但随着信息通信技术的快速发展,需求侧技术现在在电网的能源效率方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文首先介绍了需求侧管理和需求侧负荷管理的关键概念。经典的需求侧管理定义了六个负荷形状目标,其中“削峰”和“负荷转移”是最广泛适用的,与能源效率最相关。目前,主要的需求侧管理活动是需求响应(DR)。本文研究了容灾架构,这是实现容灾程序和负载管理的ICT架构。本文还研究了响应DR程序的负载管理解决方案,以负载减少和负载转移算法的形式。提出了一种“群负荷转移”分类法。研究挑战和机遇被识别并与环境智能、无线传感器网络、非侵入式负载监测、虚拟发电厂等联系起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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